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This Essay has examined certain psychological foundations relative to

Liber AL vel Legis, The Book of the Law
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Appendix
Our Heroes

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Stanislav Grof, M.D., Ph.D., is a psychiatrist with over forty years experience of research into non-ordinary states of consciousness (induced by psychedelic substances and various non-drug techniques) and one of the founders and chief theoreticians of Transpersonal Psychology. He was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, where he received his scientific training - an M.D. degree from the Charles University School of Medicine and a Ph.D. from the Czechoslovakian Academy of Sciences.

Dr. Grof 's early research in the clinical uses of psychedelic substances was conducted at the Psychiatric Research Institute in Prague, where he was Principal Investigator of a program systematically exploring the heuristic and therapeutic potential of LSD and other psychedelic substances. In 1967, he was invited as Clinical and Research Fellow to the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.

Following the legal suppression of LSD use in the late 1960's, Grof went on to discover that many of these states of mind could be explored without drugs and instead used certain breathing techniques in a supportive environment.

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Dr. Albert Hoffman of the Sandoz pharmaceutical organization discovered Lysergic acid diethylamide-25 (LSD) in 1938 while he was experimenting with the medicinal properties of a fungus.

It wasn't until 1943 that he accidentally became the first human subject for testing.

He spilled three drops on one of his fingers during a laboratory test and experienced the first acid trip.

He also experienced the first bummer (bad trip) a few days later when he deliberately ingested a larger amount.

In 1956, Dr. Hoffman sent Stanislav Grof, M.D. a free sample of LSD in the mail.

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Aleister Crowley (1875 - 1947), was a chess master, mountaineer, freemason, poet, painter, writer, occultist, mystic and social critic.

Crowley was notorious in his lifetime - a frequent target of attacks in the tabloid press, which labelled him "The Wickedest Man in the World" to his evident amusement.

His surname is pronounced with the first syllable sounding like "crow."

He is best known today for his occult writings, especially The Book of the Law, the central sacred text of Thelema.

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Carl Gustav Jung (1875 - 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and the founder of Analytical Psychology.

Jung's unique approach to psychology emphasized understanding the psyche through exploring the worlds of dreams, art, mythology, world religion, and philosophy.

Though not the first to analyze dreams, he has become perhaps the most well known pioneer in the field of dream analysis. Much of his life's work was spent exploring other realms including alchemy, astrology, and sociology.

Jung also emphasized the importance of balance. He cautioned that modern humans rely too heavily on science and logic and would benefit from integrating spirituality and appreciation of the unconscious realm.

Many psychological concepts were originally proposed by Jung. Some of these are: The Archetype, The Collective Unconscious, The Complex, and Synchronicity.

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Adolph the Well-Known. He must have had a terrible birth experience.

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